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1970′s inventions that changed our way of life
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Image by brizzle born and bred
Technology, Fashion and Toys played an increasingly important part in people’s lives in the 70s.

Ceefax: 1974

Launched in 1974, Ceefax went live with 30 pages and was the first teletext service in the world. Started as an experiment for the deaf, Ceefax developed into an instant news, sports and information service for millions of armchair surfers.

Colour Television Sets

Introduced on BBC 2 for Wimbledon coverage on July 1, 1967. The launch of the BBC 2 "full" color service took place on December 2, 1967. Some British TV programs, however, had been produced in color even before the introduction of color television in 1967, for the purpose of sales to American, Canadian, and Filipino networks. BBC 1 and ITV started color transmissions November 15, 1969.

The first colour sets became available in Britain in 1967, when BBC2 started broadcasting in colour. (Note BBC1 and ITV didn’t go colour until 1969.)

A typical 22" colour set would have cost £300 in 1967, or around £3000 in today’s money – equivalent to a top of the line 50+ inch LCD or LED HDTV set.

Britain’s oldest colour telly ‘still going strong’ 42 years on, says 69-year-old owner

www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1328760/Britains-oldest-…

Home Music Centre

The ultimate piece of kit that most people wanted in the mid 70s was a "Music Centre". This was a record player, cassette tape recorder and radio combined. Dynatron made one of the first, the HFC38 Stereo/Audio Cassette System, launched in 1972. This was a high priced luxury item at the time.

Dial Telephone

The 746 telephone was the British GPO’s main telephone for the 1970s. It was the phone most people had in the 70s and it is phone you will remember from that decade.

In the 70s, the home telephone was still a luxury in the UK. The General Post Office (GPO) had a monopoly on telephone services and anyone who wanted a phone needed to rent one from the GPO.

Although still a state run monopoly, the telephone service was more modern in the 70s. The old fashioned lettered exchanges disappeared in the late 60s and the new phones were equipped for the strangely termed ‘all figure numbering’. Customers had a choice of three phones: the 746, the smaller 776 Compact Telephone and the modern looking Trimphone.

The 746 telephone was an upgraded version of the 706 phone or ‘Modern Telephone’ that the GPO introduced to customers in the early 60s.

It introduced a few practical improvements. Firstly there was a clear plastic dial showing only numbers. The case had an integral carry handle and the phone came in a more modern plastic. It was also lighter and had improved circuitry.

Electronic Calculator

The first pocket calculators came onto the market towards the end of 1970. In the early 70s they were an expensive status symbol. By the middle of the decade, people used them to add up the weekly shopping at the supermarket. As pocket calculators moved from executive’s briefcases to school children’s satchels, there was controversy over whether children could still do sums.

Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments developed the integrated circuit technology that made the pocket calculator possible in the sixties. TI’s first prototype hand held calculator, the Cal Tech, demonstrated the potential of the new device. However, as with the transistor radio, Japanese firms quickly exploited the technology. The first portable, as opposed to pocket sized, calculator was the Sharp QT-8B. A year later pocket sized models were available from Bowmar (USA), Sharp, Busicom (Japan) and Sanyo.

Very quickly a host of manufacturers entered into the growing pocket calculator market. Texas Instruments launched their own model, the TI-2500 Datamath, in 1972.

Electronic games

Electronic games, such as MB Simon and Adman Grandstand, went on sale in the UK in the second half of the 70s. This was the time when people got their first taste of the digital lifestyle we enjoy today. A few years earlier, the first calculators and LED digital watches were marketed. Now manufacturers too adopted the same circuitry for play, and the age of electronic games began.

This revolution was reflected in the small screen when ITV’s George and Mildred’s neighbours bought a Grandstand game for Christmas. There were also concerns that TV audiences would drop, with more people using their TVs to play video games instead. Granada TV’s report "Who’ll be watching Coronation Street in 1984?" expressed concerns their advertising revenue might be at risk.

The grand daddy of all the computer games was the Magnavox Odyssey, which was launched in 1972. It introduced the public to a familiar, but primitive, electronic bat and ball game. Magnavox Odyssey was quite sophisticated; it offered range of different games, some of which required props. However, it was more of US than an UK phenomenon.

Electronic chess games also appeared in the mid seventies, but the game that first captured the public’s imagination in the UK was the Adman Grandstand.

Freezers

In the 70s, freezer ownership increased dramatically. Freezers and frozen food were available in the 60s, but sales of freezers took off in the 70s. In 1970 around 100,000 were sold, which was three times as many as in 1967. By 1974, one in ten households had a freezer.

Food processors

A food processor added a choice of blades and attachments to a standard blender. The Magimix from the 70s was the first UK example.

Microwave ovens

The microwave oven was invented by Percy Spencer in the late 40s. Initially, microwave ovens were only used by catering establishments. Oxford University physicist, Professor Nicholas Kurti gave a dramatic demonstration of microwave cooking with his reverse baked Alaska, or frozen Florida, which had ice cream on the outside and hot filling on the inside. He first demonstrated this dessert in 1969, showing how microwaves easily passed through ice, causing little heat, but the filling made from brandy and marmalade absorbed them and heated up more quickly.

Microwave ovens were not available in Britain until the end of the 70s, even then they did not catch on that quickly. The first ‘Which’ report on microwave ovens was written in 1979. There were concerns about what would happen if the microwaves escaped and confusion over whether the ovens were radioactive. For most people though, they were simply too expensive.

By 1979, there were a variety of microwaves on the market, priced between 150 and 400. [500 to 1400 in today’s money]. Models with a separate convection heating element were even more expensive. Both traditional oven makers, Creda and Belling and electronics giants Philips, Hitachi, Sanyo, Sharp and Toshiba, made microwave ovens in the 70s.

For most people in the UK the microwave revolution did not begin until well into the 80s. Jimmy Tarbuck’s advertisements for Sharp microwaves helped promote microwave cooking in the UK in the early 80s.

Teasmaid

As part of our renewed appreciation of all things 70s, the teasmade is back in fashion. After years in the naff cupboard, John and Norma Major owned one, it is now hip to own a teasmade.

The teasmade was a luxury item in the 70s household. Although primitive devices for automatically making tea were available since Victorian times and leading manufacturer Goblin made teasmades since the thirties, they were never considered essentials.

Most teasmades (sometimes incorrectly spelled ‘teasmaid’) comprised a teapot, kettle and clock. To prepare the teasmade ready for use tea, or teabags, fashionable in the 70s, were added to the pot and water into the kettle and then the alarm was set for the time you wanted to wake up to enjoy your freshly made pot of tea. About ten minutes before the alarm went off, the kettle boiled the water, which bubbled through a spout into the teapot. If you forgot to put the spout into the teapot some 70s models poured boiling water on to whatever the teasmade was stood on. Once the tea was brewed, the alarm sounded to wake you up, if the mechanism had not already woken you.

In 1971 there were only three manufacturers of teamade: Goblin, Ecko and Russell Hobbs. The Goblin model shown here cost £27.18 (£265 in today’s money). It is no wonder that the teasmade was a luxury.

Tea bags

Tea bags were new in the 70s. Well not exactly new, they had been used in the USA since the 20s. Tetley had tried introducing them to the UK twice, once in the 30s and again in the 50s, but they were seen as a bit of a joke. In the 70s though, sales of tea bags took off. It’s hard to explain why, they were more expensive and rarely used in the way originally intended – to remove the tea from the pot once it was brewed. It may have been something to do with convenience. We could throw our tea strainers away. Now tea bags are almost universal – so they must have been a good idea after all!

Continental quilts

Until the 70s, most people in the UK made up beds with sheets and blankets. In the early 70s the bedroom revolution was the continental quilt or duvet. Names such as "Slumberland Fjord" and "Banlite Continental" left no doubt as to the origin. Mostly they were filled with down or duck feathers. Synthetic fillings were more common in Europe, but became available in the UK. People quickly took to them as they were more convenient.

Flares and platform soles

Two trends defined the 70s in a fashion sense: flared trousers and platform soles. Flares were derived from the hippy fashion for loon pants of the late 60s. They were worn by men and women. The flare was from the knee and reached exaggerated proportions in the middle years of the 70s. The trousers were often hipsters, sitting on the hips rather than the waist, and tight fitting.

The combination of flares and denim made flared jeans the fashion phenomenon of the decade.

Platform soles were mainly worn by women and more fashionable men. There were health warnings about damage that could be caused to the back in later life, but the fashion did not last long enough for that to have an effect. There was an element of thirties retro in the style of some of the shoes, which echoed the thirties’ love of two-tone or co-respondent black and cream or brown and cream colours. Bright colours also gave the shoes more of a space age look.

Raleigh Chopper

The Raleigh Chopper brought the style of Easy Rider to the backstreets of Britain in the 70s. It took the UK youth bike market by storm and probably saved Raleigh from financial disaster. The Chopper was a distinctly different bike for young people and was a first choice Christmas present. However, the Chopper attracted criticism for some aspects of its safety. The Chopper became distinctly unfashionable in the 80s, when BMX became the latest craze.

Klackers

Klackers comprised two acrylic balls, often brightly coloured, on a string with a small handle in the middle. It was a playground craze that swept Britain and America in the early 70s. The idea was to move the handle up and down to make the balls click together. The really skilled could make the Klackers meet at the top and bottom of a circle; it required practice. They made a noise when they clacked together, hence the name.

Klackers were also marketed as Ker-knockers, Clackers and Klickies.

Whilst children loved the Klackers, or Ker-knock-ers, parents and teachers were concerned about the safety aspects. They could cause bruised hands and arms and the balls could shatter into dangerously sharp shards of plastic. Some schools banned them from the playground. Like most crazes, Klackers disappeared as quickly as they appeared.

Invicta Mastermind game

The Invicta Mastermind game was a huge seller in the 70s. In spite of the name, it had no connection with the Mastermind television programme originally hosted by Magnus Magnussen, although many people bought the game thinking it did.

The game was invented by Israeli postmaster and telecommunications expert, Mordecai Meirowitz. He initially found it difficult to get a manufacturer to take on his idea, but eventually managed to persuade small UK games maker, Invicta to make it.

The game went on sale in the early 70s and was a huge success. The box depicting a bearded man and woman in Asian dress carried an air of mysteriousness about it, suggesting supreme intelligence was needed to play the game.

Indeed Mastermind was taken seriously by the academic world. In 1977, Donald Knuth, the American computer scientist responsible for some learned texts in the world of computing, published a formula that guaranteed a correct guess in five goes.

Mastermind was also recognised by the toy industry. In 1973 Invtica was awarded ‘Game of the Year’ for Mastermind. Look out for pre-1973 versions that do not have the ‘Game of the Year’ award on the box.

Fondue set

Fondue originated in Switzerland and the classic fondue is always made with Swiss cheeses: Emmenthal and Gruyère. The word ‘fondue’ is derived from the French word, ‘fondre’, which means to blend.

By 1960, Marguerite Patten claimed the fondue was becoming popular. Her ‘Cookery in Colour’ featured fondue recipes with a decidedly English twist: ‘Cheddar Fondue’ and ‘Tomato Fondue’, as well as the classic ‘Gruyère’.

It was in the seventies that fondue parties really took off in the UK. Originally a reminder of a Swiss dish tried on a skiing holiday, fondue parties soon became the up-to-the minute thing to do; but by the 80s, it was decidedly naff.

Fondue sets are available again as everything 70s is fun once more. For real authenticity, source the genuine article from the 70s on eBay. Look for bright orange fondue pots and forks with teak handles.

Soda syphon

The retro style soda syphon (or soda siphon), once a symbol of kitsch and bad taste, is now the height of retro cool. The Sparklets Soda Syphon was a hit at 70s parties. However, its roots go back to the era of the Boer War.

The Sparklets Soda Syphon was originally used as a way of bringing sparkling or aerated water to hot climates at the far reaches of the British Empire. Invented in the 1890s, Sparklets bulbs were used during the Boer War.

Before the introduction of Sparklets bulbs, carbonated, or aerated water, as the Victorians preferred to call it, was a luxury product. It was expensive to make, and there was no way to do it yourself. The invention of the Sparklets bulb popularised it as soda water. The original device was called a ‘Prana’ Sparklet Syphon, and the Company stressed that it was as easy for a housemaid in Bayswater as for an orderly in South Africa to use the device.

Sparklets Streamline, with hammered finish 1940s
In 1920 Sparklets Ltd was acquired by BOC, the British Oxygen Company. By the 1960s Sparklets specialised in diecast products for the domestic industry. Naturally the Sparklets Soda Syphons were a big part of the business, but Sparklets also made diecast parts for washing machines, hairdryers and vacuum cleaners, as well as for cars.

The Sparklets bulb method may not have changed much since the days of the Boer War, but the style of the syphon moved with the times. Three basic types were around in the 60s and 70s.

Cigarettes

Player’s No6 and Embassy. However, they were joined by mild versions: Embassy Extra Mild and Player’s No6 Extra Mild. The rise of the mild cigarette was a 70s’ phenomenon. Benson and Hedges Silk Cut, pictured bottom middle, started this trend.

Which? Magazine named Silk Cut as the mildest UK cigarette in 1972. Although, the Which report was intended to convince people to stop smoking, it gave an enormous boost to Silk Cut sales. (In fact there is no evidence to suggest mild cigarettes are any better for you.).

The other big trend ran in the opposite direction. King size cigarettes were increasingly popular. John Player Special, with its distinctive black packaging, was a rival for Benson and Hedges.

King size cigarettes also went down market and were available in the cheaper brands. Both Player’s No6 and Embassy had king size versions. You could buy cigarettes in a bewildering number of different sizes: international, king size, regular, intermediate, mini and sub-mini. Collectors of cigarette packets from the 70s should look out for different sizes in all the popular brands, for example, Silk Cut, Silk Cut King Size, Silk Cut No1, Silk Cut No5, Silk Cut No3, as well as Silk Cut Extra Mild.

At the same time competition from US cigarette manufacturers started in earnest in the 70s. The famous Marlboro brand with is cowboy print advertising campaign started to take sales away from the home grown brands.

Smoking in the 1970s

Cigarettes were a big part of life in the 70s. People smoked them in large numbers. They also started to kick the habit in large numbers too. To give up or not, and to inhale or not, were big topics of conversation.

In 1969, Embassy Filter (right) was the most popular brand. It had been introduced in 1962 and took a staggering 24% of the cigarette market in 1968. By 1971 though, it was knocked off the top spot by Players No 6. In 1972 these brands (below) made up 94% of all cigarettes sold (in order of tar content, lowest first):

Silk Cut (filter)
Consulate Menthol (filter)
Cadets (filter)
Piccadilly De Luxe (filter)
Cambridge (filter)
Embassy Gold (filter)
Embassy Regal (filter)
Sovereign (filter)
Sterling (filter)
Player’s No 6 Virginia (filter)
Park Drive (filter)
Kensitas (filter)
Embassy (filter)
Gold Leaf Virginia (filter)
Player No 6 (plain)
Player’s Weights (plain)
Albany (filter)
Woodbine (plain)
Player’s No 10 Virginia (filter)
Guards Tipped (filter)
Benson & Hedges King Size (filter)
Senior Service (plain)
Player’s Navy Cut (plain)
Park Drive (plain)
Rothman’s King Size (filter)

The majority of the most popular brands are filter tipped. At the time people wanted to believe that the filter would protect them. Medical research showed otherwise, even as early as the 60s. Also worth noting is that Rothman’s advertised their cigarettes as for "…when you know what doing are doing" – a bit ironic considering the tar content!

In 1970, 55% of men and 44% of women smoked cigarettes. The percentage smoking cigarettes had fallen from the peak of 65% in 1948 and the risks of smoking on health were beginning to slowly sink in. In spite of research by the late Professor Sir Richard Doll published in 1951, which linked smoking with lung cancer, cigarette smoking was so much a part of life that the habit died hard. Even as late as 1973 the Guinness Book of Records described nicotine as an "anodyne to civilisation".

In 1971, cigarette manufacturers agreed to put a mild health warning on the packets (left) – "WARNING by HM Government SMOKING CAN DAMAGE YOUR HEALTH". I say "mild" because Professor Sir Richard Doll’s research showed that of 1,357 men with lung cancer, 99.5% were smokers. Or as "Which" chillingly put it – you had as much chance of dying before you were 44 if you smoked, as a serviceman had of being killed in the Second World War. Most people were still playing Russian Roulette and hoping that the chamber was empty.

"Which" never published a report comparing one cigarette brand with another. They acted in the best interest of consumers and recommended only that people should give up. There were conflicting stories circulating concerning the safety of other forms of smoking, such as pipe or cigar smoking: "Was it safer than cigarettes?", "Was it safe if you didn’t inhale?" and "Was it worth waiting for a safe cigarette?". "Which" did not sit on the fence and told members as directly as possible that the only safe course of action was to give up.

The 70s was the decade when people did finally accept the risks of smoking and the proportion of the population who smoked fell quite significantly. Those leading the way were the professional middle classes. The anti-smoking group, ASH, was founded in 1970 and took a lead in alerting the public to the dangers of smoking. The proportion of men and women smoking cigarettes dropped gradually during the 70s. By 1980, 42% of men and 37% of women smoked. (Today’s figures are 27% and 25% respectively).

LED watch

LED digital watch

Retro style LED watches are now selling on the internet, reviving the original digital watches from the early 70s. The first LED watch was marketed in the US by watchmaker, Hamilton, under the brand name ‘Pulsar’ in the Fall of 1971. It was originally a high priced gadget; by the end of the decade LED watches were almost throw away items and the more familiar LCD display was gaining ground.

Toys

The Space Hopper, the Raleigh Chopper and Mattel’s model cars with Hot Wheels made their debut in the 60s, but in the 70s achieved their highest popularity.

The Chopper was revised with safety improvements to become the Mark 2 in 1972. Mattel did not have their own way for long with Hot Wheels. British rival Matchbox had already introduced Superfast Wheels in 1969 and converted their whole range to them in the early 70s.

Sindy continued to be a popular toy for girls and won Toy of the Year in 1970. That accolade also went to another doll in 1971, Katie KopyKat; Katie copied everything you wrote.

Another 70s’ craze that had its origins in the 60s was Klackers, or Clackers: two acrylic balls that were made to click together. Experts could make them clack at the bottom and top in a circular movement, but safety concerns saw their early demise.

The Mastermind TV programme hosted by Magnús Magnússon had huge audiences in the 70s. However, the Mastermind Board Game made by Invicta in 1973 had no connection with the Mastermind TV show. It was all about breaking a secret code.

Lego was as popular as ever. It scooped Toy of the Year in 1974 and 1975. Other toys with their origins in the 50s and earlier were discovered by new generations of children.

The football game Subbuteo gained plastic figures in 1967 and in the 70s was available in up to fifty different team strips. There were spin-off cricket and snooker games too.

Scalextric was improved with new cars in the 70s and was as popular as ever. More traditional toys such as Hornby trains and Meccano continued to find a market.

The big change in play in the 70s though was the advent of electronic games. The 70s gave us digital watches and pocket calculators and by the middle of the decade electronic toys and games as well. One of the first to capture the imagination of the UK public was Adman Grandstand, which could play a variety of sports, including a version of the Pong arcade game. The brightly coloured MB Simon game was also a big seller in 1978.

Star Wars was in the cinema in 1977 and a host of Star Wars inspired merchandise followed. Never before had the movie makers cashed in so much on the toy market, it was a portent for the new decade.

Furniture

Furniture from the seventies was bigger and chunkier than furniture from the 60s. Teak was still the favourite wood throughout the decade, although pine was getting an increasingly strong middle class following. Autumn colours were in vogue: browns, beiges and oatmeal. Striped upholstery fabric was popular.

The seventies had its share of fads. Chrome plated tubular steel furniture had a brief period of being the latest thing. Towards the end of the decade, cane and rattan furniture started to gain a small following. Both this and pine were much bigger in the following two decades.

The seventies was still a decade when modern was the favourite look. There was little attempt to recreate the past, although in a decade of contradictions, reproduction furniture had a growing niche following.

Green Shield Stamps

Green Shield Stamps were almost everywhere in the Britain of the 60s and 70s. If you bought your groceries at certain shops the retailer gave you stamps to stick in a book. Once you had collected enough you exchanged the books for gifts. Most people can remember Green Shield Stamps, but there were other schemes. Does anyone remember Blue Star, Gift Coupon, Happy Clubs, Thrift Stamp, Uneedus Bonus, Universal Sales Promotions or Yellow Stamps?

Drink

In the later 70s, lager began to take hold. You can still get seventies favourites such as Skol, Carling Black Label (they paid a consultant millions of pounds to recommend that the ‘Black Label’ was dropped some time in the 90s), Carlsberg and Tennant’s Pilsner, though whether it is the same, who could say? Light ale was a popular alternative to lager at the time.

Keg bitter was definitely the drink of the early seventies. "Classics" such as Watneys Red Barrel (or Watney’s Red as they tended to call it then), Double Diamond, Courage Tavern and Worthington ‘E’ are well out of production.

Britain’s best selling cars from the 70s

British automotive fashions changed. As women replaced mini skirts with midis and maxis, and men chucked out the Don Draper look in favour of flares and wide ties, cars changed just as significantly, on the outside at least.

Car makers ditched the chrome grills, the wood and leather interiors of the 60s and embraced American coke bottle styling, plastic fascias and matt black grills.

The UK’s top four manufacturers all introduced new models leading up to and around 1970. The first of the new wave was the Ford Escort, launched in late 1967. It was a small car with neat American influenced body styling. Ford also launched the ground breaking Capri in 1969, which brought sports car styling to the average motorist. In 1970 there was a rash of new models: the Morris Marina; a completely restyled Vauxhall Viva; and the all new Hillman Avenger, remember those L shaped tail lights? In 1971 Ford launched the car that was to represent the 1970s, the Cortina Mk III.

Ford won the sales war and the Cortina was the best selling car of the decade, with the Escort in second place. BL made a series of mistakes, the worst of which was to replace their best selling Austin/Morris 1100/1300 range with the blob shaped Allegro. It eventually needed the State to intervene and save the company from bankruptcy.

The 70s also saw a greater proportion of foreign cars on the road. However, none of them made it into the top ten. The best selling foreign import was the Datsun Sunny, which was only the 19th best selling car of the decade.

These are the top ten best selling UK cars of the 70s.

Ford Cortina Mk3, 1972

Ford’s stylists had their fingers firmly on the pulse of the 70s’ car market. They replaced the neatly minimalist Cortina Mk II, driven by Michael Caine in Get Carter, with the glamorous Mk III in 1970.

If there was a car that summed up the mood of the early 70s perfectly it was the Cortina Mk III. The classic American inspired coke bottle styling was combined with plenty of chrome trim. The new Cortina was bigger and better than the outgoing Mk II.

Ford’s graduated model range offered a huge choice of trim, style and engine size. You could choose from from L (basic), XL (more luxury), GT (sporty), GXL (luxurious) to the ultimate Cortina, the 2000E. Even the L looked stylish, but the upmarket GXL offered acres of simulated wood trim, glorious velour seats and a chrome trimmed black vinyl roof.

Ford Cortina Mk V, 1979

In 1976 Ford replaced the Cortina Mk III with the Mk IV. The glam rock era had faded by 1976 and Ford stylists gave the market something more sober, although the parent company’s policy of sharing as much as possible between the UK Cortina and the German Ford Taunus may have also influenced the more prosaic styling.

The final facelift for the Cortina came in 1979. Ford sharpened up the style of the Mk IV with the similar looking Mk V, which nevertheless changed almost every body panel. The Cortina disappeared entirely in 1982 to make way for the Sierra, dubbed the ‘jelly mould’ car at the time.

Ford Escord Mk2, 1979

Ford also sold over one million Escorts in the 1970s. The Escort was introduced late in 1967 as a replacement for the popular Ford Anglia. Remember that backward sloping rear roofline?

The Escort continued the Anglia theme of a stylish body combined with basic, but reliable, mechanicals. However, Ford went one stage further with the Escort, as with the Cortina, they offered a range of basic saloons and some sporty and luxury models as well.

Style was all important to Ford’s selling strategy and in 1975 they gave the Escort a new squared off body and models near the top of the range had square headlamps too. By 1979 you could choose from 1100, 1300, 1600, 1800 and 2000cc models. In 1980 the Escort was upgraded to a the Mk III for the new decade.

Mini Clubman

Although Alex Issigonis’ masterpiece the Mini was eleven years old by 1970, it was still one of Britain’s best selling cars. BL chose to drop the Austin and Morris labels and the car was now just called the ‘Mini’.

In the1970s there was a basic range comprising a Mini 850 and a Mini 1000, with 850cc and 1000cc engines. BL offered a more upmarket version, the Clubman, with a squared off nose. There was an estate version with fake wood panels on the outside and a sports 1275 GT version.

Laurence Moss, the estate agent husband of man-eating Beverly in "Abigail’s Party" drove a Mini, getting a new one every year. He claimed the design did alter, in reality BL made very few changes to the design throughout the 70s. By the end of the decade part of the charm of the car was that it had not changed.

The Mini continued in production for another two decades before being replaced by the new Mini in 2000.

Morris Marina TC, 1972

BL’s executives originally planned the Marina as a replacement for the aging Morris Minor and a serious competitor for the Escort. Learning the lessons of the past they wanted to give it plenty of style and hired ex-Ford stylist, Roy Haynes.

Haynes wanted the two door version to appeal to the under thirty age group. He wanted the interior styling to be exotic and wild.

Somehow BL ended up producing a much bigger car than intended, even though it shared some of its mechanical heritage with the venerable Morris Minor. In reality the Marina sold considerably less well than expected. It achieved a creditable fourth position in sales in the 70s, but was not capable of rescuing BL from its financial troubles. Read more about the Morris Marina.

Vauxhall Firenza, 1971

Vauxhall was like Ford, a British car maker with an American parent – General Motors. Like Ford they followed the same approach: a basic rugged car with an up to the minute body. The Viva had been around since 1963 and had already had one facelift. In 1970 Vauxhall revised it again.

The new Viva, called the HC, was still a small car and in the Escort class, nevertheless it looked wide, low and stylish. Like Ford, Vauxhall offered a range of engines and options. At the top of the range was the sporty Firenza SL.

The Viva really was a car for the 70s. It starred in 1999 in the 1970s’ revival comedy, ‘The Grimleys’ as Shane Titley’s car. Vauxhall dropped it in 1979.

Austin 1300GT, 1971

The Austin/Morris 1100/1300 range was a top selling car in the 1960s. BL found it hard to find a replacement for it. So hard in fact that they failed to do so until 1973. So because of its continued strong sales in the first years of the 70s, the 1100/1300 finds itself at number six.

For the 70s there were some detail improvements and some great 70s’ colours including purple and bright orange. Just like its cousins from the 60s, the 1100s and 1300s were spacious, reliable and mechanically simple.

If you fancied something a little sportier, there was the Austin 1300GT which was a tuned up version of the basic car with a black vinyl roof. BL replaced this best seller with the Allegro in 1973.

Austin Allegro

Where Ford got 70s’ style right with the Cortina, BL got it wrong with the Allegro.

Launched in 1973, the Allegro was styled by internal stylist, Harris Mann. It certainly looked 70s. However, where the Cortina emphasised size and width, the Allegro was rounded and dumpy. There was a bizarre selection of different style front grilles complemented with rounded rectangular headlamps matched inside the car with a rounded square steering wheel, called a Quartic.

Vanden Plas 1500 (Allegro)

A range of engines sizes from 1100 to 1750cc, a rather stylish small estate and a posh Vanden Plas version with real wood facia, leather seats and picnic tables failed to impress buyers. Surprisingly BL failed to provide a hatchback version even though the Allegro shape suited it, and they had been making the hatchback Maxi since 1969.

The Allegro was not a great hit with the public. Whilst the 1100/1300 range was chalking up annual sales of 100,000+ units every year, the Allegro failed to achieve more than 65,000. This styling misjudgment certainly contributed to BL’s collapse in 1975.

There was an unfortunate side effect to the 70s’ style lettering on the boot: to some ‘Austin Allegro’ looked like ‘Rustin Allegro’. The Austin All-aggro was another name for it.

When Austin-Rover dropped the Allegro range in 1982 to make room for the Maestro there were few sad faces.

Ford Capri 2000GT, 1972

Ford advertised the Capri as the car you have always promised yourself. The Capri offered the motoring public something entirely new. It was almost a sports car, with a comfortable four-seater saloon cabin, gorgeous fastback styling and a price tag that the man in the street could afford.

Launched in 1969, the Capri sold well throughout the 70s. Like the Cortina, Ford offered a huge range of engines and trim levels. Like the Cortina, there were several styling revisions, but the basic look and personality remained the same.

At the top of the Capri range was the 3000E, which offered outstanding performance with a top speed of 122mph and 0-60mph in eight seconds. The brochure cooed about such refinements as reclining seats, an electric clock and push button radio. The prestige motoring experience was completed by a a steering wheel and gear knob covered in simulated leather.

Hillman Avenger 1300DL, 1975

Rootes Group (Hillman, Singer, Sunbeam, Humber) launched the Hillman Avenger in 1970. It was a completely new car. The Avenger was mechanically unexciting, but offered a stylish new body with black grill with coke bottle styling and a sloping rear end.

The black grill was made from plastic. The Avenger also had some very distinctive L shaped rear a lamp clusters.

The Avenger was smaller than Rootes Group’s Hillman Hunter and competed with the Escort and Viva. It sold steadily throughout the 1970s. There was a facelift in 1976 and it later became the Chrysler Avenger as the American parent began to assert itself more strongly.

Austin Maxi, 1972

The Austin Maxi could have been a world beater. It was one of the first hatch back cars, and it was one of the first mass-market cars to have a five-speed gear box. Partly designed by Alec Issigonis, it was spacious and handled well. However, the Maxi never lived up to expectations.

The original design, launched in 1969, was very plain looking and not liked by the public. The gearbox was awful and the 1500cc engine was not powerful enough for the car.

The Maxi had a major facelift in 1971. There was a new grill, a more attractive wood finish fascia and a new 1750cc engine. In this form it enjoyed modest sales throughout most of the 70s. People loved the practicality of the hatchback and with the seats folded down it was big enough to transport a double mattress and perfectly capable of carrying garden waste to the tip or a tent or two on holiday.

1970s major household expenses

1. Transport

The average household weekly spend on transport in 2007 was £62. That includes everything from bus tickets to buying cars and petrol. In 1971, that £62 would have been just £6. That would barely cover a tube ticket today.

2. Recreation and culture

In 2007, we spent an average of £57 per week on things like holidays, cinema trips, sports activities and gambling. At 1971 prices, that would cost around £6 again – probably about the price of a large bucket of popcorn today.

3. Housing, fuel and power

£52 per week in 2007, £5 per week in 1971. Obviously that includes expenses like mortgage payments, rent and energy bills. Oh how times have changed.

4. Food and drink

In 2007, we spent £54 per week (I must admit I find that hard to believe, looking at my own till receipts, but still). Thirty-eight years ago that would have cost a mere fiver. Oh and over two thirds of the money we spend on food goes to the big supermarkets – so much for the nation of shopkeepers.

5. Restaurants and hotels

Weekly cost in 2007? £37. In 1971 that would have cost about £4, but then I doubt we would have used them as much in those days anyway.

6. Clothing and footwear

Despite our collective obsession with labels and fashion, we only spent £22 per week on clothes in 2007. Imagine how svelte we would all look if that still only set us back £2. Then again, we’d probably have to be clad head to toe in denim, so maybe £22 is a price worth paying.

7. Communication

Presumably this means telephones, mobiles, broadband and the like. Well, we spent an average of £12 a week on this kind of thing in 2007, which is equivalent to £1 in 1971 (OK, OK so we didn’t have mobiles and broadband back then, but that’s not really the point)

8. Everything else

This includes things like education and health, insurance and whatever else we spend our money on. Anyway, in 2007, these miscellaneous items cost a whopping £128 per week. In 1971, you’d have got the lot for £13. So in 2007, the total average household spend per week was a little under £460. Ouch. If we were to enter some kind of weird price time-warp that would come down to a total of about £46 per week.

Meanwhile, the latest research shows that the average household income in 2006 was about £650. Given the perilous state of our savings, you have to wonder where the extra £210 per week went (We only spent £460 of it remember).

Whichever way you look at it though, that time warp is looking rather appealing. We’ve already got the strikes and the recession, so to earn £650 a week and spend only £46 of it would make it all worthwhile.

It’s never going to happen of course, but it’s a nice dream.

1970s: Fewer cars but more smokers

*In 1971, UK residents made 6.7 million holiday trips abroad.

*In 1970/71, there were 621,000 students in the UK in higher education.

*In 1974, 26 per cent of men and 13 per cent of women in Great Britain who smoked regularly were classed as heavy smokers.

*In 1970, life expectancy at birth for males in the UK was 68.7 years and for females was 75.0 years.

*In 1970, there were 340,000 first marriages in England and Wales.

*In 1970, nearly half (48 per cent) of all households in Great Britain did not have regular use of a car.

*In 1971, the average household size in Great Britain was 2.9 people per household, with one-person households accounting for 18 per cent of all households.

*In 1971, the proportion of babies born to women aged under 25 in England and Wales was 47 per cent (369,600 live births).

*In 1970, food and non-alcoholic drinks was the largest category of expenditure, accounting for 21 per cent of UK total domestic household expenditure.

Life expectancy is perhaps the most notable single change. In 1970, when Edward Heath had just become Prime Minister and The Beatles were breaking up, for men it was 68.7 years and for women it was 75 years; 40 years on, these figures have shifted substantially. Male life expectancy is now 77.8 years, and for women it is 81.9 years. Doubtless the fall in heavy smoking has played a part in that. In 1974, 24 per cent of men and 13 per cent of women in Britain who smoked regularly were classed as heavy smokers, whereas in 2008 the figures were 7 per cent of men and only one in 20 women.

1971 vs 2011: what you get for your money

Mars bar: 1971: 2p 2011: 60p

First class stamp: 1971: 3p 2011: 44p

Pint of milk: 1971: 6p 2011: 49p

Loaf of bread: 1971: 9½p 2011: £1.10

Pint of bitter: 1971: 11p 2011: £3.05

Bunch of bananas: 1971: 18p 2011: 65p

Packet of cigarettes: 1971: 27p 2011: £7

Gallon of petrol: 1971: 33p 2011: £6

Ticket to Wembley Cup Final: 1971: £2 2011: £115

The Kelston Crapper
pipe fitting mould maker
Image by brizzle born and bred
THE VILLAGE OF KELSTON AND THE INVENTION OF THE FLUSH TOILET

The actual invention of the flush toilet, the credit must go to Sir John Harrington. Sir John Harrington, godson to Queen Elizabeth I, was a writer by trade. In 1596 he penned a tongue- in- cheek article named "Plan Plots of a Privy of Perfection." In the article, he described in detail his invention, the first flushing water closet. He erected one at the village of Kelston, near Bitton.

THE ROYAL PEE

The water closet, for the most part, worked, and the Queen had Sir John install a water closet in the Royal Palace. The Queen was so pleased with her new convenience, that she had his article bound, and hung it next to her water closet. One of the many problems with Sir John’s water closet was that it was inadequately vented, and sewer gas constantly leaked into the Royal powder room.

The Queen remedied this problem by placing bowls of herbs and fragrances around the room. The flush toilet, however, would not be deemed "popular" for several hundred years.

THE CUMMINGS WATER CLOSET

The belief that Thomas Crapper invented the first patented flushing water closet is untrue. The first patent for the flushing water closet was actually issued to Alexander Cummings in 1775. A watchmaker by trade, Cummings designed a toilet in which the water supply was brought low into the bowl, and some water remained after each flush. "The advantage of this water closet," he stated, "depends upon the shape of the bowl." The Cummings water closet was generally made of copper.

It was a great improvement, but the seal at the bottom of the toilet leaked, continually emitting sewer gases into the home. No one was aware at that time, that sewer gases were highly explosive, as well as great bacteria carriers. Other inventors sought to change both of those problems.

Joseph Bramah, a cabinetmaker who regularly "fitted-up" water closets, sought to improve Cummings original idea, and a patent was issued to him in 1778. Bramah discovered that by replacing Cumming’s string valve closure with a crank-type mechanism, he would essentially get an air tight seal between the toilet and what ever offending odors may be lurking beneath it. There were some problems with this new toilet, however.

THE NOISY LOO

The flushing action failed quite often, it was incredibly noisy, and the seal would dry up if the toilet was not used often enough. Although Bramah installed over 6,000 toilets by 1797, without a tight seal, the sewer gas problem remained. By 1860, people around Europe were tired of the odor from the sewer gases escaping into their homes.

Along came the inventor Henry Moule, with his patented Earth Closet. This wonderful commode dispensed dirt or ashes on to the offensive materials, rendering them odorless. The problem with Moule’s invention was that the contents had to be emptied by hand. People bought the earth closet in great numbers though, because they could hardly stand the stench in their own homes from their previous toilet experiences.

THOMAS CRAPPER

Thomas Crapper, an industrious plumber,d his shop on Marlborough Street in London in 1861, and aptly named it The Marlboro’ Works of Thomas Crapper & Company. Crapper continuously tested toilets at Marlboro Works, so much so that he had a 250 gallon water tank installed on the roof of his building. Crapper’s claim to fame is the improvements that he made to the water closet. He invented a pull- chain system for powerful flushing, and an air tight seal between the toilet and the floor. He also patented several venting systems for venting the sewer gas by way of a pipe through the roof. Crapper also teamed up with Thomas Twyford, the pottery maker.

THE POSH BOG

Twyford changed his pottery assembly lines from turning out tableware to turning out toilets, with Crapper supplying the inner-workings. Twyford also made toilets into art pieces, by molding them into many shapes including dolphins. The fine porcelain makers Wedgewood and Royal Doulton soon followed suit (Stein Rod). None of the porcelain manufacturers were opposed to the free advertising, as the names of their firms were emblazoned on the toilet, in a conspicuous place.

THE JOHN

Across the Atlantic, Americans were still using chamber pots, but only in the event of an emergency such as illness or bad weather. Other than that, people used the outhouse, a small building constructed over anpit with a bench inside into which several holes were fashioned. The user would sit over the hole and relieve himself. The flush toilet did not gain popularity in the United States until after World War I, when American troops came home from England full of talk about a "mighty slick invention called the crapper." The American slang term for the toilet, "the john," is said to be derived from the flushing water closets at Harvard university installed in 1735, and emblazoned with the manufacturer’s name, Rev. Edward Johns.

SO NEXT TIME YOU HAVE A PEE….THINK OF THE VILLAGE OF KELSTON

The flush toilet is an invention of which humanity can be very proud. Without this marvelous contraption, disease would still be rampant and water supplies throughout the world would be undrinkable.

The next time you see a toilet, standing at attention in a bathroom, remember the many inventors and plumbers that made it a clean, simple, easy to use device that makes our lives a little easier.

Nice Mould Make Maker photos

Nice Mould Make Maker photos

Some cool mould generate maker images:

Image from web page 516 of “American houses and gardens” (1905)
mould produce maker
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Identifier: americanhomesga101913newy
Title: American residences and gardens
Year: 1905 (1900s)
Authors:
Subjects: Architecture, Domestic Landscape gardening
Publisher: New York : Munn and Co
Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: Biodiversity Heritage Library

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Text Appearing Just before Image:
ass of function. Following is a list of the chapterswhich will give a general thought of the broad character of the function. VIII. Selection of Aggregates. IX. Wooden Molds—Ornamental FlowerPots Modeled by Hand and Inlaid withColored Tile.Concrete Pedestals.Concrete Benches.Concrete Fences. Miscellaneous, which includes Tools,Water proofing and Reinforcing. X.XI. XIIXIII. I. Making Wire Types or Frames.II. Covering the Wire Frames and Mod-eling the Cement Mortar into Form. III. Plaster Molds for Simple Types. IV. Plaster Molds for Objects havingCurved Outlines. V. Combination of Casting and Model-ing—An Egyptian Vase.VI. Glue Molds.VII. Colored Cements and Techniques Usedfor Creating Styles with same.16 mo. 514×7% inches, 196 pages, 140 illustrations, price .50 postpaid This book is effectively gotten up, is printed on coated paper and a-bounds in handsome illustrations which clearly show the unlimitedpossibilities of ornamentation in concrete. MUNN &amp CO., Inc., Publishers361 BROADWAY NEW YORK J

Text Appearing Following Image:
ALEXANDER KOCHS DARMSTADT ART-PERIODICALS German Art and Decoration/ Interior Decoration,Embroidery Journal and Lace Assessment are circulated all through the entire planet. KOCHS COMPENDIUM OF Modern Property CULTURE I. Gentlemens Apartments. II. Bed-Rooms. III. Dining Rooms, etc.—sendfor illustrated prospectus which will be sent post-free. We will forward post-freeto any address, on receipt of 65 cents a richly illustrated specimen quantity,typographically perfect, of the German Art and Decoration, or InteriorDecoration, and for 25 cents the Embroidery Journal and Lace Evaluation. Alexander Koch, Publisher, Darmstadt (Germany) BOUND VOLUMES of AMERICAN HOMESand GARDENS 1912 J7T 456 pages, over 1,000 illustrations, Pi*ir+*&gt $£ ff U a lot of of which are complete-page plates. «■ ICtJj np^J* JJ An exquisite volume complete of interest to the house planner, the residence builder and thehome maker. The volumes are beautifully bound in green library cloth, stamped incolors, gilt leading. AMERICAN Residences AND GARDEN

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Generating of Aluminium Cooking Pots in Cité Soleil, Haiti
mould produce maker
Image by United Nations Photo
30 years ago Mones Mondasar’s father, established himself as an aluminum cooking pot maker in Port-au-Prince’s Cite Soleil, Haiti’s largest and most infamous slum. Now 45, Mondasar and his 25 year old son Walnes, continue the tradition making up to 10 pots a week. It really is a small quantity by modern manufacturing requirements, but almost everything depends on what scrap aluminum can be collected to be melted down and poured into hand created sand molds. The completed solution will bring 500 Haitian Gourds every – roughly US – in Port-au-Prince’s central market place.

UN Photo/Nektarios Markogiannis

Creating of Aluminium Cooking Pots in Cité Soleil, Haiti
mould produce maker
Image by United Nations Photo
30 years ago Mones Mondasar’s father, established himself as an aluminum cooking pot maker in Port-au-Prince’s Cite Soleil, Haiti’s largest and most infamous slum. Now 45, Mondasar and his 25 year old son Walnes, continue the tradition generating up to 10 pots a week. It really is a modest quantity by modern day manufacturing requirements, but everything depends on what scrap aluminum can be collected to be melted down and poured into hand made sand molds. The completed item will bring 500 Haitian Gourds every – roughly US – in Port-au-Prince’s central industry.

UN Photo/Logan Abassi

Nice China Mould Maker images

Some cool china mould maker images:

Image from web page 1324 of “The Post-Workplace annual Glasgow directory” (1828)
china mould maker
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Identifier: postofficeannual188182gla
Title: The Post-Office annual Glasgow directory
Year: 1828 (1820s)
Authors:
Subjects:
Publisher: Glasgow : printed by J. Graham for the letter-carriers of the Post-Office
Contributing Library: National Library of Scotland
Digitizing Sponsor: National Library of Scotland

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DOG KENNELRAILINGS PATENT ASPHALTIC ROOFING lELT AND COATING IRON WINE BINS, Agent for Messrs. S. OWENS &amp CO., Hydraulic Engineers, London.Agent for Messrs. GTTEST &amp CHRIMES, Brassfounders, Rotherham, £1 ii Advertisements. 203 UCH SMITH ^ CO tiiiii

Text Appearing After Image:
EMGINEEES AND BOILEEMAKEES, MAKERS OF Shipbuilders Machine Tools Punching and Shearing Machines, Plate Edge Planing Machines,Bending Rollers, &ampc., &ampc. Patent Hydraulic Eivetting Machines for Boilers, Ships Frames,Beams, Keels, &ampc. Wood Sawing and Functioning Machinery, Log and Deal Frames, SawBenches, Moulding Machines, &ampc. Weighing Machines for Railway Waggons, Lorries,Carfs, Hutches, &ampc. Steam Engines for Higher and Low Pressure. Contractors for Machineryfor the Colonies and Abroad. CHARTERED BANK OFDIA, AUSTRALIA, AND CHINA, HATTON COUET, THEEADNEEDLE STEEET, LONDON. Incorporated by Royal Charter. CAPITAL, £800,000. EESERVE FUND, £200,000. Court of 35imtors, 1881-82. William Christian, Esq.Frederick W. Heilgers, Esq&ltJohn Jones, Esq. J. R, BuLLEN Smith,Esq.,CS.LLUDWIG WlKSE, Esq. Emile Levita, Esq. William Macnaughtan, Esq. William Paterson, Esq. Manager—John Howard Gwtther. Sub-Manager^-J amkb Somerville. Secretary—William Charles Mullins. Banlcers—^A^

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Image from page 486 of “Crockery & glass journal” (1875)
china mould maker
Image by Net Archive Book Photos
Identifier: crockeryglassjou74newy
Title: Crockery &amp glass journal
Year: 1875 (1870s)
Authors:
Subjects: Pottery Glass Glassware
Publisher: New York : G. Whittemore &amp Co.
Contributing Library: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
Digitizing Sponsor: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

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ese seven-teen decorations represent by far the largestpurchase of exclusive, controlled styles thatwas ever made by 1 pottery at one particular time.They have been developed specially for thesplendid Hudson and Genesee shapes, and indelicate beauty and in price they will be arevelation to the trade. The additions to the line of gold lace bordersand gold stenciled sprays are many, and some uniqueand original effects have been produced. They will stillfurther improve the remarkable reputation of LaughlinWhite and Golds. The assortment of banded therapies in coin gold withsolid gold handles, and the mixture of gold bandswith gold lace borders, all on the plain Genesee shape,has been improved by remedies that will afford adelightful surprise as to completed excellence and price tag. The trade has our promise that the complete Laughlinline of profit-makers, old and new, is without having a rival. THE Homer Laughlin China Co., Newell, W. Va., and East Liverpool, Ohio, THE WORLDS GREATEST POTTERIES. V

Text Appearing Right after Image:
Useful Hints onPottery Moulds.

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Good Mold Maker In China photos

Good Mold Maker In China photos

A handful of nice mold maker in china photos I located:

Benn & Adelaide Pitman Bedstead
mold maker in china
Image by elycefeliz
www.discoveringthestory.com/goldenage/bed/background.asp

This mahogany bedstead was created by Benn Pitman on the occasion of his marriage to his second wife, Adelaide Nourse. Adelaide carved the decorative motifs on the bed, which was made for the Pitman house on Columbia Parkway. The interior of the home was decorated with carved floral and geometrical motifs based on native plant life. Every thing in the property was carved by hand, from the baseboards to ceiling moldings and all its furnishings.

The bedstead is Contemporary Gothic in style and is composed of a headboard, footboard, and two side rails. The headboard is divided into 3 sections: two lancet panels with egg molding and a central trilobate arch. The central panel is carved with a flock of swallows flying in the evening sky. The birds are depicted in different stages of relief, some practically 4 and a half inches from the headboard. Others are shown in low relief to suggest a sense of depth. Just below and to the correct of the birds is a crescent moon in low relief. Hydrangea blossoms in high relief are carved into the lower section of this panel. In the reduced left is a carved inscription that reads, &quotGood evening, good rest.&quot Extending above this is an arched hood that is carved with 4 panels of overlapping daises. The 4 finials of the headboard are carved in the shape of wild parsnip leaves.

In the two lancet panels on either side are painted photos of human heads on gold discs representing evening and morning. These panels have been painted by Elizabeth Nourse (1859-1938), Adelaide’s twin sister, who was an internationally acclaimed painter. To the left is Morning, surrounded by painted white azaleas. To the appropriate is Night, surrounded by balloon vines. The corners of these side panels are carved with stylized leaves and berries.

This bed, which occupied the Pitman’s bedroom, was meant to symbolize and celebrate sleep. Quickly soon after its completion, it received significantly acclaim and was exhibited in 1883 by the Pitmans at the Fifteenth Annual Exhibition of the Work of the School of Style of the University of Cincinnati and also at the Cincinnati Industrial Exhibition. In 1909 the bedstead and the rest of the bedroom were described in the Cincinnati Industrial Gazette: &quotIt is such a space in which a sufferer of insomnia would totter drowsily upon entering. The entire combination is created to symbolize &quotnight&quot and so faithfully is repose portrayed that sleep practically overcomes one particular inside the door. The bed is a masterstroke of human genius…and the whole combination appears covered with such a constant nocturnal veil as to make the words &quotgood night&quot at the bottom very unnecessary.&quot

72.249.182.183/collection/search.do?id=15453&ampdb=objec…

Artist/Maker Benn Pitman (American, b.1822, d.1910)
Elizabeth Nourse (American, b.1859, d.1938)
Adelaide Nourse Pitman (American, b.1859, d.1893)
Date 1882-1883
Medium American black walnut and painted panels
Credit Line Gift of Mary Jane Hamilton in memory of her mother Mary Luella Hamilton, produced feasible through Rita S. Hudepohl, Guardian

Benn Pitman, an expatriated Englishman, arrived in Cincinnati from Philadelphia in 1853. Although educated to be an architect, he traveled to America to promote the phonetic shorthand technique developed by his brother Sir Isaac Pitman. Sometime among his arrival and 1872, he created an extraordinary interest and talent in woodcarving. Pitman embraced the Aesthetic Movement and turned to nature for inspiration.

In 1872, carved furnishings, doors and baseboards created by the Pitman loved ones, which includes his wife, Jane, and daughter Agnes, were exhibited at the Third Cincinnati Industrial Exposition.

He taught woodcarving at the College of Design of the University of Cincinnati (later the Art Academy) from 1873 to 1892. He also invented an electrochemical approach for relief engraving (1855), was court recorder for the Lincoln assassination trial (1865) and wrote a biography of his brother (1902).

Adelaide Nourse Pitman, the twin sister of Elizabeth Nourse and youngest of ten youngsters, was born on October 26, 1859, in the Cincinnati suburb of Mt. Wholesome. Her parents had moved to Cincinnati from Massachusetts in the early 1830s. Her father, a banker, suffered critical economic losses following the Civil War. As a result of this loss, the girls were needed to assistance themselves. The twins enrolled in the University of Cincinnati College of Style, which charged only minimal tuition. Whilst at the University, Adelaide joined Marie Egger’s china painting class and began a number of years’ study of wood carving beneath Benn Pitman. She worked on the carving of the Cincinnati Music Hall organ screen, carved a quantity of architectural elements for the interior of the Ursuline chapel in St. Martin, and received a silver medal at the 1880 Cincinnati Industrial Exposition.

On August 10, 1882, Adelaide married Pitman in Sandusky, Ohio. She was twenty-two and he was sixty. Following their marriage, she continued to operate, beneath his supervision, in copper, silver, and brass, as nicely as on decorative wood carvings for the Pitman property on Columbia Parkway.

In 1883 she gave birth to her 1st youngster, who died in infancy. The couple’s second youngster, born July 5, 1884, was named Emerson. The third and final child born to the couple was their daughter, Melrose, born on November five, 1889.

Tragically, Adelaide Pitman died on September 12, 1893 of tuberculosis. She was only thirty-3 years old.

Elizabeth Nourse was a painter, sculptor, wood-carver, etcher, illustrator and decorative artist who accomplished her greatest success following 1887 as an expatriate in Paris. Born a twin in Mount Healthier, she enrolled in 1874 at the Cincinnati University College of Design and style, graduating in 1881. She had planned to continue her research in New York, but with the death of her father and the marriage of her sister, Adelaide, to furniture-maker Benn Pitman her plans changed.

Nourse studied for a couple of months at the National Academy of Style and from 1883-86 worked as a portrait painter spending component of every single summer time sketching and painting in the mountains of eastern Tennessee. It was the nearby individuals who would turn into her subjects. In 1887 she exhibited 4 watercolors at the Cincinnati Industrial Exposition and quickly soon after she and her older sister, Louise, left for what was to be a go to to France. They spent the rest of their lives abroad.

www.cincinnatiartmuseum.org/

Cool Mold Maker China photos

Cool Mold Maker China photos

Check out these mold maker china images:

FOR SALE: Original North Light Cob
mold maker china
Image by appaIoosa
Model # P1162 – red roan
Size: 7&quotH x eight&quotL
original mold, created by North Light.
Identifying marks &amp logos:
Inside hind leg: &quot© NL 93&quot, plus &quot Produced IN UK &quot

&quotCob&quot is a British term for a &quotcobby&quot (translation = stout &amp compact construct) horse of undetermined breeding. The Cob is a kind rather than a breed. A quick-legged horse exceeding 148cms (58 inches or 14.2 hands) with a maximum height of 155cms (61 inches or 15.1 hands). The Cob has bone and substance with good quality and is capable of carrying a substantial weight. Cobs need to have sensible heads, (occasionally roman nosed), a full generous eye, shapely neck crested on the best, with a hogged mane and nicely defined wither. The Cob need to also have clean, strong hocks and all the attributes of a very good hunter.

|||****************************|||

North Light model horse figurines are produced of a porcelain and resin composition, which enable for the in depth mold detailing (some with person hair detailing, braided manes &amp tails, and so on) that is really evident in the finish. The figurines are finished in a studio where they are airbrushed with the physique colour and shading needed for the specific breed piece. Next comes the hand detailing , which can be substantial, based on the horses’ color pattern. Pinto and appaloosa patterns demand comprehensive hand operate, and vary drastically from horse to horse. Facial features also obtain hand detailing, with expressive, lifelike eyes which have a final gloss application to make them look moist and realistic. Touches of pink are added to muzzles. Nostrils are darkened inside to add depth.

With this degree of hand detailing, each model horse will differ slightly.

North Light is a company situated in Stoke-On-Trent, Staffordshire, England. The area is popular for its potteries and figurines, which includes the effectively known Wedgwood, Beswick and Royal Doulton brands. In 2005, the North Light factory was sold – like all existing North Light molds – to the firm: WADE CERAMICS LTD (yes, the exact same business that produced these small whimsy figurines identified in red rose tea boxes years ago). Wade repackaged the current North Light horses below their new trademark and resold them within the Wade division as &quotNorth Light @ Wade&quot horses.

Directly from Wade Co. web site, verbatim:
———————————–
Contributed by Carol Atrak
Monday, 18 July 2005

We have pleasure in announcing that Wade has bought specific assets from Dennis Doyle of the North Light resin figurine range. North Light, which will trade as a division within Wade as &quotNorth Light @ Wade&quot, is renowned for its variety of dogs, farm animals, horses and wildlife figurines. They are manufactured in resin and hand painted. The &quotClassic Dog and Horse Ranges&quot are completed in marble, china blue, bronze, Monet and other effects to grace the sideboards and coffee tables of the World’s finest residences.

Managing Director, Paul Farmer stated, &quotNorth Light @ Wade&quot will bring a new dimension to Wade’s figurine capability and Wade’s mechanisms for on-line purchases of its ceramic items will be adapted to cater for North Light items as well. We are also looking forward to improving our ceramic hand painting strategies which come with the North Light asset obtain.&quot

Artists, Guy Pocock and Anne Godfrey, have been retained to continue modelling new lines and Clare Beswick, from that well-known family of figurine makers which bears her name, has been appointed Sales and Solution Manager for North Light @ Wade.

The manufacture has been moved from Biddulph to a separate resin location inside Wade’s Royal Victoria Pottery in Burslem.

In 2008, Wade announced they would no longer create the North Light @Wade horses (and dogs) at the factory (in the UK). Rather they decided to release a new line: &quotNorth Light @ Wade Premier Collection&quot (consisting of 17 horses and 22 dogs) – to be produced in China. Many of the existing NL horses you see getting sold on eBay (and elsewhere) today, bear the &quotmade in China&quot sticker, along with the NL backstamp.

In 2009, Wade ceased production altogether on all existing North Light models . Nowadays, North Light horses are no longer becoming produced, sold or marketed by Wade Ceramics, making these horses highly sought soon after, useful and rare.

I have no idea what the Wade Co. decided to do with all the current North Light horses. Some say they sold the current molds to a organization in China.

If your North Light horse has the &quot©North Light Produced in the UK&quot backstamp, you have a quite rare &amp valuable collectible certainly!

The Greek Slave, Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Fujifilm.
mold maker china
Image by scotbot
Minton’s version of the Greek Slave was first developed in 1848. It is made of Parian, Minton’s name for statuary porcelain, which alludes to the white marble from the Greek isle, Paros. The figure copied a marble statue very first exhibited in London in 1845 and now in Raby Castle, Durham. A marble replica, now in the Corcoran Gallery, Washington DC, was shown at the Great Exhibition. It stood against a red plush backdrop in the principal avenue of the Crystal Palace and was a lot admired, in spite of ambivalent Victorian attitudes to displayed nudity.

Materials &amp Producing
At the Exhibition of 1851, Minton’s trade name, Parian was in basic use for all vitrified unglazed bone china, even even though rival businesses had invented their own names for the material. Every component of a figure was created in a separate mould. The smooth appearance of the completed figure was admired as significantly for its technical talent as for its aesthetic qualities. Minton produced more than 500 Parian figures in between 1845 and 1910.

Individuals
The American sculptor, Hiram Powers (1805-1873) was the son of a Vermont farmer who was fortunate to obtain support from a patron to move to Florence in 1837, where he established his reputation.

Subjects Depicted
Hiram Powers’ Greek Slave depicts a Greek lady exposed for sale at a Turkish bazaar. It alludes to the Greek War of Independence (1821-1832) but was also topical as slavery was abolished in Britain in 1833, even though it was nonetheless prevalent in a lot of American states. Minton later produced additional slave figures, like an American Slave in 1862.

Date

1862 (made)
Artist/maker

Powers, Hiram, born 1805 – died 1873 (right after, sculptor)
Minton, Hollins &amp Co. (maker)
Supplies and Strategies

Parian porcelain
Dimensions

Height: 35.4 cm, Width: 11.3 cm, Depth: 9.9 cm
Object history note

Made by Minton &amp Co., Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire
Descriptive line

The Greek slave
Labels and date

British Galleries:
The complete-scale marble sculpture of ‘The Greek Slave’, carved by the American sculptor Hiram Powers (1805-1873) in 1843, was one of the most popular exhibits at the Crystal Palace in 1851. This is a little scale version made in Parian porcelain. The invention of a machine in 1844 which could lessen sculptural functions in scale meant that Parian replicas could be developed with a higher degree of accuracy. [27/03/2003]
Production Note

Mould dated 1848 this instance made in 1862

Nice Mold Maker China pictures

Nice Mold Maker China pictures

A few nice mold maker china images I located:

Essential Message
mold maker china
Image by Hasenpfeffer Incorporated
We make and sells dolls, teddy bears, and such. But this is not a plug for our company. As a reaction to the harmful-toy scare last year, the Customer Product Security Commission created something known as the Customer Items Safety Improvement Act. It requires all makers of children’s goods to submit their goods for testing for lead and phthalates.

Whilst that is excellent in the all round scheme, it has some potentially damaging side effects. The dilemma is that the typical testing fee runs a handful of thousand dollars. Generating matters worse, we would have to submit each and every and every toy for testing given that no two are alike (she makes her stuff from salvaged supplies like old wool coats and such). Naturally you can see what this version of the act would do to the handmade toy and craft sector (it’s more than macramé owls nowadays).

There is a prospective remedy, although. Beneath is the unabridged copy from the Handmade Handmade Toy Alliance. Beneath are hyperlinks to a sample letter and to different legislators.

Save the USA from the CPSIA

In 2007, massive toy producers who outsource their production to China and other developing nations violated the public’s trust. They had been promoting toys with dangerously higher lead content, toys with unsafe tiny element, toys with improperly secured and simply swallowed little magnets, and toys created from chemical compounds that created kids sick. Practically every issue toy in 2007 was produced in China.

The United States Congress rightly recognized that the Consumer Products Safety Commission (CPSC) lacked the authority and staffing to prevent unsafe toys from being imported into the US. So it passed the Consumer Solution Security Improvement Act (CPSIA) in August, 2008. Amongst other things, the CPSIA bans lead and phthalates in toys, mandates third-party testing and certification for all toys and needs toy makers to permanently label each toy with a date and batch number.

All of these alterations will be relatively effortless for huge, multinational toy companies to comply with. Huge manufacturers who make thousands of units of each and every toy have really tiny incremental cost to spend for testing and update their molds to incorporate batch labels.

For small American, Canadian, and European toymakers, nonetheless, the expenses of mandatroy testing will likely drive them out of organization.

* A toymaker, for instance, who tends to make wooden cars in his garage in Maine to supplement his income can’t afford the ,000 fee per toy that testing labs are charging to assure compliance with the CPSIA.

* A function at residence mom in Minnesota who makes dolls to sell at craft fairs should decide on either to violate the law or cease operations.

* A modest toy retailer in Vermont who imports wooden toys from Europe, which has lengthy had stringent toy security standards, need to now pay for testing on every toy they import.

* And even the handful of larger toy makers who still employ workers in the United States face enhanced fees to comply with the CPSIA, even though American-created toys had practically nothing to do with the toy safety troubles of 2007.

The CPSIA basically forgot to exclude the class of toys that have earned and kept the public’s trust: Toys made in the US, Canada, and Europe. The result, unless the law is modified, is that handmade toys will no longer be legal in the US.

If this law had been applied to the food industry, every farmers industry in the country would be forced to close although Kraft and Dole prospered.

How You can Support:
Please write to your United States Congress Person and Senator to request changes in the CPSIA to save handmade toys. Use our sample letter or write your own. You can uncover your Congress Particular person here and Senator here.

Thank you so considerably!

Stokes Croft – Historical Bristol Street Directory 1871
mold maker china
Image by brizzle born and bred
Mathews’ Bristol Street Directory 1871

Stoke’s Croft, North Street to Cheltenham Road

www.flickr.com/photographs/brizzlebornandbred/5063962403/

One particular of the shops which was demolished was where Arthur Holborn ran his photography enterprise for about 40 years. He specialised in portraits which bore his elegantly engraved advertisement on the back. 4 doors away art of a distinct type was developed by Thomas Colley, who was a sculptor and his specialities had been ‘monuments, headstones, crosses and memorials of all descriptions’. www.flickr.com/photographs/brizzlebornandbred/6174492981/

1. H. Lester, register oflice for servants
2. Richard Pearce, teacher of music
3. William Hagen, painter
4. Oliver Sheppy, loved ones grocer
five. William Corbett
six. Miss Jennings, milliner
7. Walton King, wine &amp spirit merchant
eight. J. Bennett, plumber
9. John Rice, teacher of dancing
10. Thomas Colley, sculptor
11. Benjamin Hamilton, music warehouse
12. Miss Moulding, dress maker
13. Mrs W. Cook, teacher of music, and so forth
14. William James
15. J. Dilke, property painter
16. George Poole, dentist
17. J. F. Davis, undertaker, and so forth
18. Richard F. Jones
19. Capt. John Way
20. Mrs Broad
21. Joseph Richards, carpenter
22. Richard Slade, painter, and so forth
23. James Webber

Brooks Dry Cleaners Ltd St Werburghs Bristol www.flickr.com/images/brizzlebornandbred/2046815682/

24. Henry Bishop, Bevan, vict, Antelope (pub) 1837 – 44 John Thomas / 1847 – 59 William Salter / 1860 – 63 Ann Salter / 1865 – 66 James Ricketts / 1867 – 69 Andrew Lewis 1871 – 76 Henry Bishop / 1877 to 1878 T. Gall / 1879 Charles Tovey &amp Co. / 1882 – 83 Thomas Sedgebeer / 1885 Eliza Perry 1886 J. Machan / 1887 to 1888 George Thomas Mills / 1889 Charles George / 1891 William Northam / 1892 – 96 Henry Burrow 1899 Thomas White / 1901 Nellie Jenkins.

In the 1880s the consecutive numbering method of Stokes Croft changed to odds on one particular side, evens on the other. In 1873 Charles Board cabinet maker and billiard table manufacturer was listed at no 20. He was still in the exact same premises as a billiard table manufacturer in 1906, but it was now no 37. Next door (developing in scaffolding) had three diverse occupiers between 1873 and 1906 – Joseph Richards, carpenter had gone by 1888, replaced by Staffordshire Supply Shop and by the 1900s Wall and Co, furniture dealers.

25. G. Evans, flour dealer
26. Waters &amp Co. wine &amp spirit merchants
27. William Pepper, hosier, etc
27. Thomas Crew, porter shops
28. James Brown, baker
29. William Thomas
30-31. William Merson, saddler
Charles Latham, lawyer
31. John Milton, venetian blind maker
33. William Robins, painter, and so forth
34. www.flickr.com/photographs/20654194@N07/10383609634/
36. www.flickr.com/photographs/brizzlebornandbred/9280249203/
39. James Morse &amp Co. grocers

www.flickr.com/photographs/brizzlebornandbred/10380679115/

40. George Stallard Nipper, builder
41. William Chapman, painter, and so forth
42. Selina Chapman, earthenware dealer
43. Charles Phillips, greengrocer
44. Charles Williams, boot maker
44. Theodore May possibly, dyer
45. Nathan Palmer, soap and candle dealer

www.flickr.com/images/brizzlebornandbred/10381070043/

46. Thomas Prewett, baker
47. George Gillingham, painter, and so forth
48. T. W. Lansdown, greengrocer
49. Edward Brown, greengrocer
50. George Pymm
51. John Sprod, grocer
52. Ann Warley, greengrocer
53. Daniel Taylor, smith and bell hanger
54. William Holbrook, fishmonger and poulterer
55. J. C. Hewitt, goldsmith &amp jeweller

56. Mary Tossell, vict, Small Swan (pub) 1848 – 66 John Tossell / 1866 – 72 Mary Tossell / 1874 – 89 John Jenkins Eastman / 1890 Clara Eastman / 1891 Clara M. Symes 1892 to 1893 Martha Street / 1894 – 1901 Donald Barry / 1904 – 09 George Rexworthy / 1914 Bridget Spencer / 1917 – 25 Albert Alder 1928 – 31 Alfred Scott / 1935 – 37 Jeremiah McCarthy. www.flickr.com/images/brizzlebornandbred/

57. Charles Taylor, hair dresser
58. William Rokins, greengrocer

58-76 Stokes Croft www.flickr.com/photographs/brizzlebornandbred/10383296583/

59. James Hewitt, vict, Swan Hotel Near the corner with Nine Tree Hill the Swan Hotel is still trading, but is now recognized as the Croft. bristolslostpubs.eu/page195.html

60. Charles Davis, confectioner

Vincent Skinner, horticultural builder

Tucketts Creating

On the corner of Ashley Road stands 108, Tucketts Buildings an ebullient example of late Victorian industrial premises. It is said that human bones have been dug up in the foundation trenches, most likely from the victims of the gallows which after stood right here.

The Tuckett’s Buildings 108 Stokes Croft sweep about the Ashley Road corner.

Named right after Coldstream Tuckett who created the site and opened his grocery and provisions shop there in the 1890s. Throughout the excavations two skeletons had been identified. It was recommended that they had been 17th/18th century suicides who, according to the custom of the time, had been buried at the crossroads.

F. Coldstream Tuckett had his grocer’s shop in element of this constructing until about 1920. He was a member of the Executive Committee of the Bristol &amp District Grocers’ &amp Provision Dealers’ Association. When the Grocers’ Federation of the United Kingdom held their Summer time Conference in Bristol in July 1900 he was Press Steward and half of the two-man Entertainment Committee.

In 1911 two boys named Cooper and Hardwick have been charged at Bristol Police Court with breaking into his premises via Skinners Yard at the back. They stole a bottle of port and some pork pies. The court sentenced them to a birching.

Though a route by way of Stokes Croft is most likely to have existed for centuries earlier, the 1st reference is in a deed of 1579. The land is recorded as a field containing one little lodge, a garden and pasture, with a footpath operating via the grounds. In 1618, the city received 6d for mending holes in the stile.

61. T. J. &amp J. F. Perry, carriage builders
62. Charles S. Davey, corn and flour dealer
63. Pugh and Son, grocers
64. James Kebby, butcher
65. M. A. Alexander
66. John Smith, porter shops
67. Isaac Thomas, bookseller
68. Thomas Mann, tailor
69. J. Sampson, boot maker
70. James Melhuish, pork butcher

71. E. J. Hatherley, builder, Stokes croft home www.flickr.com/photos/brizzlebornandbred/6174888582/

72. Edwin Peacock, chemist
Baptist College – Rev. Dr. Gotch
73. Joseph A. Cortisi, confectioner
73. George Park, toy warehouse

76-74 Stokes Croft www.flickr.com/pictures/brizzlebornandbred/10382901475/

74. John Parry, boot maker
75. J. Greenham, tobacconist
76. Misses Wallington, fancy repository

www.flickr.com/photographs/brizzlebornandbred/10381417373/

77. Miss E. Wallington, milliner
78. J. Cluett, china warehouse

(North Parade)

six. A. Willis, butcher
5. Eleanor Ford, fancy draper
4. Robert G. Whiting, boot maker
3. George A. Peacock, fishmonger, and so forth
two. S. Palmer, spirit dealer
1. John Howe, boot maker
1. W. Greening, druggist

(City Road Intersect)

Foll and Abbott, Stokes Croft Brewery www.flickr.com/photos/brizzlebornandbred/10383594583/

77. Charles and Wakefield, tailors, and so forth
78. George Nelson Naish, boot maker

www.flickr.com/pictures/brizzlebornandbred/10381553633/

79. W. H. Hawkins, plasterer &amp painter
80. S. Bruton, music warehouse
81. Henry O. Richards, boot maker

82. Robert Tyler, wine &amp spirit merchant www.flickr.com/photographs/brizzlebornandbred/10380482016/

83. J. W. Sane, ladies’ outfitter
83. Frederick Calder, confectioner
84. Anthony Energy, berlin and fancy depository

85. W. J. Exon, baker www.flickr.com/photographs/brizzlebornandbred/6174410583/

86. Charles Tovey &amp Co, wine merchants
87. A. M. Withers, ironmonger
88. Francis Virtue, bookseller
89. John Parnall, ladies’ outfitter
90. Unitarian Almshouses &amp School

Stokes Croft School www.flickr.com/pictures/brizzlebornandbred/2049372251/

91. Isaac Simmonds, plumber, and so on
92. John H. Diggs, tobacconist
93. Sarah Mountjoy, fancy depository
94. George King, grocer
95. Edward Hunt, ironmonger, etc

Walter James Hooper &amp Co. fish and poultry market place. www.flickr.com/photographs/brizzlebornandbred/10381994874/

97-99. www.flickr.com/pictures/brizzlebornandbred/10381685406/

101. The Post workplace www.flickr.com/photographs/brizzlebornandbred/10382010883/

Stokes Croft Court, 28, Stokes Croft

Stoke’s Croft Spot, Stoke’s Croft

Mrs Spurse
Catherine Parsons
Alfred Jones
John Weeks, two, Vine cottages
W. C. R. Bailey, 1, Vine cottages
Mrs Duance
John Pottow, farrier

Notes

Ann Barnes – Wife of Mr Barnes wheelwright living near Stokes Croft turnpike Died January 11th 1816 in 22nd year of her age of consumption.

William Chaffe 1753 Died ‘of lunacy’ Inquest held at Full Moon, Stokes Croft

Joseph Church of Newfoundland Gardens, fell down a flight of measures in Stokes Croft in December 1847 and fractured his leg. Admitted to Bristol Infirmary.

Mr Fry Schoolmaster of Stokes Croft married Mrs Dickson of Broad Street at St James’ Church on Friday Nov 7th 1766.

Joseph Glascodine 1793 carpenter and millwright, Stokes Croft.

Edward William Godwin 1833-1886 Born at 12 Old Marketplace Street, alter living at 21 Portland Square. A single of his very best-recognized designs is the Carriage and Harness Factory in Stokes Croft.

George Longman of Stokes Croft., married Mrs Mary Clampit of Catherine Spot February 3rd 1829.

William Morgan – Advisable for receipt of parish relief (St James) in 1814. He was a tailor with a wife and four youngsters who had worked for John Rice of 23 Stokes Croft for some years. Rice could no longer employ him due to ‘work getting dead’.

Henry Parker, cab driver, he was charged at Bristol Police Court in January 1899 with ‘furious driving’ in North Street and Stokes Croft. As he had been in trouble prior to he was fined 10s and fees.

Samuel Parry (d. 1839) Aged 88, of Stokes Croft was buried at St Paul, Portland Square on January 20th 1839.

James Sadler 1753-1828 Originally from Oxford where his loved ones had a confectionery enterprise. Interested in engineering and chemistry. Produced many balloon flights prior to his ascent from Stokes Croft in Bristol on September 24th 1810., accompanied by William Clayfield Watched by a large crowd the balloon rose up and was carried over Leigh Down, where they dropped a cat in a basket attached to a parachute. (The cat was rescued by a watching limeburner. The balloon sooner or later landed in the Bristol Channel near Lynton.

John Stoke, Mayor 1364, 1366 and 1379. His will was proved in 1382. Stokes Croft, originally known as Berewyke’s Croft was named after him.

Isaac Van Amburgh, Lion tamer, who gave an exhibition at Bristol Zoo in July 1839 and met with an ‘accidental injury whilst thrusting his hand into a lion’s mouth’. A newspaper report stated that he was fully recovered and would give some far more performances ahead of continuing with his tour. This was no implies his only go to to Bristol. In August 1842 there were newspaper reports of how he ‘made an entrance into the city driving 8 stunning cream coloured horses in hand’. The procession of vans was accompanied by an elephant. And made its way to Backfields, Stokes Croft where a spacious pavilion was erected.

Archy Walters, Elder of two young brothers who walked from Stokes Croft to Horfield and lost their way in the fields as evening fell. As it grew colder and colder they took shelter below a hedge and Archy wrapped his brother in his personal garments to keep him warm. They were discovered next morning, but also late to save Archy, although his brother survived thanks to his selfless act.. References: Memorial stained glass window in Horfield Parish church,

Wimble (d. Nov 1766) Died at his property in Stokes Croft.

Schools

Misses Armstrong’s Boarding School for Young Ladies, Wellington Location, Stokes Croft Listed 1847.

Mrs Baker’s College for Ladies, 4 Wellington Spot, Stokes Croft. Mrs Baker gave the establishment her ‘strict personal attention’ according to newspaper notice of 1830 which stated that teaching was ‘conducted on a strategy approved by males of studying which renders abstruse studies comprehensible and entertaining’.

Churches

Stokes Croft Chapel, Stokes Croft (Christian Brethren) This was initially a skating rink and was bought on 8th July 1879 by the ‘friends worshipping in Bethesda Chapel and Salem Chapel St Augustine’. It was fitted up as a location of worship in lieu of Salem, which was then vacated. It accommodated 500 men and women and was ‘neatly fitted up at the expense of £500-600’.

Companies

Wyndham Lewis, 102 Stokes Croft Baker and Confectioner.

Massingham – Red Property Boot Retailers, 77 Stokes Croft. trading in 1901.

W E Pritchard, 95 Stokes Croft. Fishmonger &amp Poulterer. Trading in May 1901.

E K Vaughan, 56 Stokes Croft, Jeweller and Watchmaker Trading Might 1901.

Closing the Door on the Industrial Revolution
mold maker china
Image by Henry Hemming
Spode, as soon as a pre-eminent china maker, saw its factory closed down in 2008. The internet site now belongs to Stoke council and is falling into disrepair. The molds with which Spode’s greatest wares were produced now accumulate dust in a forgotten store. Spode, and certainly Stoke, are an incredible element of our heritage. Some of Spode’s greatest styles are now made by the brand’s owners Portmerion, but primarily the fantastic name is all but gone.The vast website now belongs to Stoke council and is falling into disrepair. It’s an amazing part of our heritage. There is a visitor centre, run by fantastic volunteers – go visit! Spode is in the town of Stoke, one particular of the 5 towns of Stoke-on-Trent. Taken 19 October 2014. I spent the day touring our pottery previous with Pete Taylor (@ForrestGrump), whose a lot much more great pictures of the day are a must.

Plastic Mould Maker China Can Develop the Greatest Pipe Fitting Mould with Cad Designs

Plastic Mould Maker China Can Develop the Greatest Pipe Fitting Mould with Cad Designs

With the help of trustworthy Plastic Mould Maker China, you can get the best mold for distinct kinds of pipe base. These are utilized for PVC, PPR and PP options.

If you start your independent analysis, you are probably to come across various companies, supplying distinct sorts of molding objectives, mostly for pipes. With such a increasing craze, it may possibly be difficult for you to pick the appropriate alternative, connected with this field. You need to make our selections wisely, before investing your monetary service for any solution. Moreover, the performance level of the pipeline interface constantly needs to be really high. Therefore, advanced technologies can aid you serve the appropriate choice and to develop the greatest joint seals and pipe member.

Uses in numerous fields
These pipes are used in distinct places like water, sewer, roads, plumbing, drainage and diverse other applications. The industry is going to grow and with different molding procedures. These relate with the pipe fitting molding selection, and the production forms below the sophisticated choice, along with bigger pieces of the joint rotational molding alternative. These are mostly larger in size along with different levels of productions. In case you are looking for the ideal pipe fitting possibilities along with most current technical implementations, make positive to do your investigation part effectively.

Mingling latest developments
In order to create the best outcome when it comes to pipe fittings, the Plastic Mould Maker China is going to incorporate the specialized two-dimensional possibilities very first. You can attempt and get hold of the 3D modeling alternative, in case you want to have any specialized fitting and customized versions. They are also going to deal with a reputable skilled pc aided services, beneath 3 considerable possibilities, and those are CAM, CAD and CAE choices. To prime it all, dependable businesses are also going to take help of processing and milling lines along with deep-hole drilling option, for making the greatest-molded product, of your option.

Some newest possibilities on the cards
With the assist of trustworthy Plastic Pipe Fitting Mould selection, you can generate the piping solutions for each PP and PVC fittings. On the other hand, you can try and go for the molding tooling objective, in order to deal with the newest lot. Usually make it a point to deal with the latest organizations, which have years of experience beneath their sleeves and have appropriate possibilities, below the zone of most recent calculative strategies. These businesses can support you with different sorts of fittings, like PP, PE, PPR and PVC alternatives. There are far more than 500 kinds of pipe fittings, available at this present moment.

Supplying quality manage service
There are diverse kinds of high quality control services, connected with the molding procedure. These are tested below different parameters, just before jumping for a final say. You might try and get hold of the correct sort of pipe controlling sessions as these are incorporated with the main physique.

This article is written by Jacob Williams on behalf of HQMOULD. His information in plastic moulding business has noticed him contribute to and create numerous articles on subjects like China Mould Manufacturer, Plastic Pipe Fitting Mould, Custom Plastic Injection Molding, Residence Appliance Mould and Plastic Mould Maker China and so on.
For Your Moulding Demands You Can Contact Plastic Mould Maker China

For Your Moulding Demands You Can Contact Plastic Mould Maker China

If you need to have molds for plastic injection molding you can trust the molds which are manufactured by plastic mould maker China. Make positive that the injection and clamping procedure are undertaken with perfection.

All plastic merchandise which you use in every day life start in a mould. Plastic molding is a common method which is broadly used to create auto parts, kitchen utensils, toys and accessories. The molds can be classified into two categories, the hot runner and the cold runner. By understanding the various technologies, you can choose the proper mold which will suit your specifications and budget. To fabricate plastic parts injection molding is a technologies which is widely used. A selection of items is manufactured with this procedure. The items may possibly differ in size and application.

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The simple requirements in the plastic injection molding process are raw plastic material and injection moulding machine. The very first step is to melt the plastic in the injection molding machine. The plastic is then injected in the mold. In the course of the molding method, the plastic is permitted to cool and solidify in the mold. Plastic injection molding is used to produce thin-walled plastic components such as plastic housings. Plastic housings are commonly used in electronic appliances, dashboards in automobiles and household appliances. Some frequent everyday things which are made by injection molding are plastic toys and toothbrushes.

About plastic injection moulding

In the injection molding process, hot and molten plastic is injected under higher pressure into thin moulds. The moulds have to be cold. In 1872 John Wesley Hyatt and his brother had launched the initial plastic injection molding machine. Throughout Planet War II, the plastic injection sector witnessed a boom. With demand of mass production rising plastic injection molding approach became well-known. Nowadays this technology is being utilized to manufacture bottle caps and hair combs as effectively. For your molding demands, you can trust plastic mould maker China, who gives high quality goods.

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Plastic pipe fitting mould are quite beneficial which can be utilised to develop goods which have uniform properties. These molds cater to the demands of the plumbing business. Plastic injection molding process is expense effective compared to other processes. It is high on repeatability, low scrap is produced and very tiny finishing is needed. A plastic injection machine comprises of two primary elements. They are the heating and injecting units. A heated barrel is used to feed the material in the machine which calls for to be heated prior to the injection process.

Steps involved
The mold which is employed for the approach of molding has to be placed close to the nozzle of the injecting machine. It is clamped with huge pressure to preserve it in spot firmly. The molten plastic is permitted to cool right after it is injected by the plastic injection machine in the mold. After cooling, the plastic part can be simply removed from the mold. It will acquire the shape which you want. The temperature of the barrel is one particular factorwhich plays a function in the final outcome of the plastic part.

This article is written by Jacob Williams on behalf of HQMOULD. His expertise in plastic moulding industry has noticed him contribute to and create a number of articles on topics like Plastic Mould, plastic mould maker China, Custom Mould, Mould China and Plastic pipe fitting mould etc.